The study uses the Kauffman Index (KI) of entrepreneurial activity (Fairlie 2008) and Solow-type residuals from a year-to-year change (dKI) model to update and expand on an earlier attempt to estimate entrepreneurial climates for each state. Patent activity and human capital are found to be...

Objectives: Two powerful socioeconomic innovations are sweeping the nation, led by Wal-Mart, Inc. and Starbucks Corp. These innovations both affect and are driven by profound labor market changes, but exactly how they affect self-employment or entrepreneurship has not been investigated. We...