relevance of designing appropriate penalties for those firms that do not comply with the obligations that subsidies involve. …

developers, especially for subsidies. Inexperienced developers are more responsive to liability relief and regulatory relief than … they are to subsidies. Similar considerations hold true for larger developers. …

crisis, the costs and benefits of interest subsidies, and the suitability of an income-based repayment system for student …

subsidies can provide temporary incentives for firms to hire unemployed workers and, when sensibly targeted, are a very cost …

be eliminated by a government support in the form of credit guarantees or subsidies. The principal-agent model of this … interest rate is not a sufficiently robust policy instrument. Lump-sum guarantees and interest rate subsidies are evaluated as …

Provision of credit guarantees or subsidies may remove an adverse selection leading to credit rationing. This paper … concentrates on comparison of government budget costs of credit guarantees and subsidies in a monopolistic credit market. Different … subsidies as an intervention instrument. …

greenhouse gases within a politically imposed timeconstraint. Investment subsidies can be an important instrument to stimulate … adoption subsidies on the amount of energy savings, taking into account endogeneityand uncertainty of technological progress … ofinvestment subsidies, whereas the effects on long-run effectiveness are ambiguous. …

damaging subsidies is lacking. Environmentally damaging subsidies are all kinds of direct and indirect subsidies aimed at … article develops a transparent method to determine the environmental impact of indirect government subsidies and derive policy … lessons. This method has been applied to several major subsidies in the Netherlands, namely in agriculture, energy, and …