There are almost 200,000 enterprises operating in the Finnish service sector, combined. However, not all of the service industries are the same. Some services have become independent of geographical locations, meaning that they can be exported, much like physical products. Other services still...

Microsoft’s acquisition of Nokia’s phone business has considerable implications for Nokia and potentially for Finland as a country, but little immediate effects on Microsoft and related industries. One might ask, couldn’t there have been better remedies for the challenges both Microsoft...

Our panel data from over 10,000 Finnish firms during the years 2003-2010 sheds light on the effect of different business subsidies on firm productivity performance and on the relationship between firms’ lagged labor productivity and market exit. We find that not any of the subsidy types have...

Industries go through different phases of evolution where old skills become obsolete and new skills arecrucial for the industrial renewal process. Industry evolution is usually addressed from the perspectives of production and exports, leaving one factor largely unexplored: human capital....

This study evaluates the usefulness of different modifications of empirical models estimating the so-called Boone indicator for capturing changes in the intensity of competition. We use as “natural experiments” in this evaluation data from three cartel cases: i) international elevators and...

By Globalization we refer to the latest stage of internationalization since the 1980s, initiated by widespread deregulation of financial markets and competitive policies as well as by advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs). In our discussion global competitiveness at the...

We find that one-third of both Finnish and Norwegian employment will be highly susceptible to computerization in the next decade or two. Low-wage and low-skill occupations appear to be more threatened. Service and public sector jobs are relatively more sheltered than those in manufacturing and...

This study analyzes trends in specialization of the Finnish industry since the 1980s. Low technology industries, such as pulp and paper, have had traditionally a large proportion of the Finnish industrial output. During the recent decades their share of output has decreased significantly and...