In 1999, eleven European countries formed the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); they abandoned their national … itself) to a sizable and statistically significant increase in trade between the member countries of EMU. In this paper, we … put the trade effect of the euro in historical perspective. We argue that the creation of the EMU was a continuation (or …

America. Several indicators of institutional and economic integration for both the EU and Latin America are presented. We find … than the EU at the beginning of its regional integration process. A cluster analysis illustrates that the link between … institutional and economic integration has worked both ways throughout the whole EU experience. The more institutional integration …

. In order to implement a common monetary and economic policy for the European Union (EU), the EEMU was created as a …

catalyst for restructuring and retrenchment from activity in the EU27. …

measures to deregulate labor markets in Southern EU countries: a longer working week, relaxation of job dismissal laws, raising …

theoretical perspective. Nevertheless, the decision to join the European Monetary Union (EMU) should be based on balancing the … that stay behind the accumulated imbalances and cross-country differences. Three alternative scenarios of EMU and of …

The European Union (EU) failed repeatedly to hold Greece accountable for violations of the Treaties it signed over the … past five decades. In particular, the EU not only did not express reservations in the face of these violations, but on two … significantly to its present calamities. Hence, there arises the following question: How can we explain these EU failures in the …

of business cycles increased more amongst members of the European Monetary Union (EMU) after the implementation of the …