This paper offers a commentary on Gordon Tullock's various contributions to economics and social science. Tullock's methodology and style, and various critical appraisals of Tullock's work are discussed. The importance of Tullock's work and its significance for the future of economics are also...

Economic models of politics typically use the expected value of a candidate's vote share to proxy electoral probability. In this paper, the authors introduce a risk calculation to augment the evaluation of a candidate's (or party's) expected vote share and they divide this risk element into its...

The authors argue that winner-take-all voting in states and the unequal distribution of electoral votes across states in presidential elections makes incumbent presidents rationally place more weight on the preferences of voters in closely contested, larger states when making policy decisions....