This paper uses data from physician group practice to examine the relationship between malpractice premium levels and physician net incomes for the years 1994, 1998, and 2002, a period in which malpractice premiums rose rapidly. We find, as did work covering earlier periods of premium growth,...

"In many developing countries the proportion of health care spending paid out of pocket is about half of all spending or more. This study examines the distribution of such spending by income and care type, and the variation in spending about its expected value, in order to see whether voluntary...