It has long been realised that factor accumulation and technological development are only proximate causes of economic development, and focus has now shifted to investigating the 'deeper determinants' of economic growth. Two such forces are highlighted in literature: institutions and geography....

This study analyses the institutional set-up of forest management in Pakistan, focusing on the North West Frontier Province, which houses 40 percent of the total forestlands. These areas have faced significant deforestation in the past. It is feared that if nothing is done to check this process,...

This paper critically reviews Garrett Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the Commons”. Hardin’s thesis about the impossibility of collective action for achieving mutually beneficial outcomes in a group setting has divided scholarly community ever since its publication in 1968, while its most...

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a multi-dimensional development project that offers a unique opportunity to Pakistan for equitable and sustainable development. This study investigates the potential of selected districts of Punjab alongside CPEC routes, based on six social and economic...

Acting on the PTI’s election manifesto of building 5 million houses, the Prime Minister of Pakistan announced an incentive package for the construction sector in April 2020. This package focused on providing tax cuts, subsidies, and reducing the regulatory burden for creating a conducive...

This paper investigates how a Development Authority misused its power to pave way for powerful land mafia to illegally occupy large tracts of land in the Capital city and convert it to housing societies that have no legal value. It turned Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, once celebrated as a...

Rule of Law and strong legal systems are considered a pre-condition for sustained development. Their relative weakness in the under-developed world is considered as the main obstacle to growth. Strengthening Rule of Law and legal systems has, therefore, become a standard advice from the...

This paper explores the concept of city ranking as a way to measure the dynamics and complexities of urban life. These rankings have various dimensions and uses. Both the context in which these rankings are done and their nature have changed considerably over time. These rankings face many...

It has long been realised that factor accumulation and technological development are only proximate causes of economic development, and the focus has now shifted to investigating the deeper determinants of economic growth. Two such forces are highlighted in the literature: institutions and...