We investigate vertical linkages between formal and informal financial institutions. Specifically, we study a policy that expands formal credit to informal lenders, in the hope that this will improve loan terms for borrowers who are shut out of the formal sector. We pay special attention to the...

Do local institutions influence the nature of political clientelist exchange? We find a positive answer in the context of a village institution prevalent in Java since the Dutch colonial rule, where democratically elected village heads receive usufruct rights over a piece of communal village...

In this paper we analyze the decision of small and micro firms to formalize, i.e. to obtain business and other licenses in rural Indonesia. We use the rural investment climate survey (RICS) that consists of non-farm rural enterprises, most of them microenterprises, and analyze the effect of...

Lower-level officials often engage in clientelistic relations with the upper-level government. The nature of these relations might be determined by institutional factors such as how the lower-level officials come into their position. This paper specifically highlights the different political...

The purpose of this work is to identify the institutional network of the National Road System (SNV) to illustrate and discuss its complexity. A qualitative-quantitative analysis of legislation permitted to circumscribe objectives and limits and to identify key members and interactions. This...

Exiting the middle-income trap entails costly improvements in state capacity. That deep economic integration induces powerful actors to support increasing state capacities remain underresearched. Here we ask: Under what conditions can deep economic integration yield increases in state capacity?...

This paper investigates the main determinants of economic perfor-mance in the EU from a regional perspective, covering 253 regions overthe period 2001-2008. In addition to the traditional determinants of eco-nomic performance, measured by GDP per capita, the analysis accountsfor spatial e¤ects...

The article presents the results of the interregional analysis of Costa Rica 2011-2016, from the perspective of neo-structuralist economics, based on official sources. The objective is to reflect differences in the socio-economic development of the country, relating them to productive...

Der vorliegende Bericht ist im Rahmen des Projektes "Dynamik der Nahversorgung in ländlichen Räumen" entstanden. Berichtsgegenstand ist die Förderung durch die öffentliche Hand im Bereich der Nahversorgung, die auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise unterstützt wird. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der...

The Philippines has a long history of internecine warfare or conflicts, especially in Mindanao where the secessionist conflicts alone since the 1970s have resulted in enormous human and economic costs. That violent social discords remain varied and widespread in Mindanao underscores the need for...