Former generation capacity expansion models were formulated as optimization problems. Theseincluded a reliability criterion and hence guaranteed security of supply. The situation is differentin restructured markets where investments need to be incentivised by the margin resulting fromelectricity...

ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper, case study of technological change at the Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales petroleum refinery (public enterprise) in Argentina, 1950-1980 - discusses technical aspects; considers short term and long term factors influencing decision making concerning...

In view of the continuous yet finite exergy supply to Earth, the determination exergy cost together with CO2 emission for fuel production is essential to the environmental evaluation of most processes. A petroleum refinery comprising atmospheric and vacuum distillation, delayed coking, fluidized...