Pragmatic-world nominal riskless rates are non-negative. However, conventional arbitrage theory has yet to develop a theoretical justification of this phenomenon. – We define the null-alternative cash as an investor holding onto cash and refraining from investment and consumption ("doing...

Today's primarily mathematically oriented arbitrage theory does not address some economically important aspects of pricing. These are, first, the implicit conjecture that there is 'the' price of a portfolio, second, the exact formulation of no-arbitrage, price reproduction, and positivity of the...

Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht, die zentralen ökonomischen Aussagen der Bewertungstheorie in einem einfachen einperiodigen Modell darzustellen.