Analyzing the origins, growth, and eventual dismantling of the Iowa Central Railway, Don L. Hofsommer examines how this "plain vanilla" railway was an example of the life cycle of the American railroad industry. Drawing the story from station records, ann.

Vor dem Hintergrund ambitionierter Klimaschutzziele im Spannungsfeld des Zieldrei-ecks Versorgungssicherheit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit gewinnt eine dezentrale Energieversorgung und eine Anpassung der Netzinfrastruktur zu intelligen-ten Energienetzen zunehmend an Bedeutung....

This paper analyses the incentives to upgrade input quality in vertically related (network) industries. Upstream investments have a biased effect on the downstream companies and lead to vertical product differentiation. Different vertical structures such as vertical integration, ownership and...