The internationalization of services is a natural part of the evolutionary development of anopen market economy. This is neither a recent nor passing phenomena, but a developmenttrajectory along which market economies have run for millennia. The internationalization(or globalization) of economic...

Eine frühzeitige Integration von Technologie und Dienstleistungen stellt ein wichtiges Erfolgskriterium für AAL-Projekte dar. Dies erfordert die Schaffung eines Bezugsrahmens, der auch bei unterschiedlicher Realisierung von Assistenztechnologie oder Dienstleistungspaketen eine Einordnung und...

Das „Wohnen“ war in Deutschland im Jahre 2007 für ca. 26% des gesamten Endenergieverbrauchsverantwortlich. Trotz intensiver Sanierung des Wohnungsbestandes liegt der durchschnittlicheEnergieverbrauch für Heizung und Warmwasser immer noch bei 142 kW/m² Wohnfläche. Damitwurde der...

Leaving home and entering service was a key transition in early modern England. This paper presents evidence on the age of apprenticeship in London. Using a new sample of 22,156 apprentices bound between 1575 and 1810, we find that apprentices became younger (from 17.4 to 14.7 years) and more...

When taking into account time, services can experience similar productivity gains as manufacturing. Motion pictures constituted the first technology that industrialized a labour-intensive service. Measuring output in time spent consuming them doubles output growth from 4.2 to as much as 9...

This paper examines the effect of a new technology on a labour-intensive service. Comparing primal and dual TFP-growth with final-year social savings, we find that, between 1900 and 1938, motion pictures increased entertainment output (measured in spectator-hours) by at least nine percent...

Der Fokus bei institutionellen Immobilieninvestitionen liegt in Deutschland zunehmendauf der Haltephase der Objekte. Gewinne werden demnach nicht (mehr) ¨uberwiegenddurch Transaktionen realisiert. Um die Wertsteigerungspotentiale w¨ahrend der Haltephasezu heben, bedarf es eines professionellen...

At the start of the long wars against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, the taxes available to the British state fell mainly on outlays made by its citizens, upon domestically produced commodities and services. Smaller proportions came from import duties and direct taxes upon their incomes...

This paper estimates and compares the benefits cinema technology generated to society in Britain, France and the US between 1900 and 1938. It is shown how cinema industrialised live entertainment, by standardisation, automation and making it tradable. The economic impact is measured in three...

This paper re-examines the economics of premodernapprenticeship in England. I present new data showing that ahigh proportion of apprenticeships in seventeenth centuryLondon ended before the term of service was finished. I thenpropose a new account of how training costs and repaymentswere...