The adoption and implementation of Council Directive 2005/85/EC (the ‘Procedures Directive'), marks the end of the legislative stage of a nascent Common European Asylum System (CEAS) by establishing minimum standards on ‘fair and efficient asylum procedures in the Member States'. These...

The article aims at presenting - from Poland's perspective - the challenges in building an adequate system of administrative sanctions. It is claimed that the efficiency of the functioning of this system should be balanced with the appropriate level of observance of procedural fairness as well...

Transitional justice (hereinafter "TJ") has originally been associated with a "transition" from one (totalitarian, authoritarian) regime to another (democratic) or from war/armed conflict to peace. After all, the use of the term „transitional‟ implies some kind of transition or change, that...

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its gaseous precursors travel long distances, crossing state boundaries. The “good neighbor” provisions of the Clean Air Act require the U.S. EPA and States to address the cross-state transport of air pollution that affects states' ability to attain the...

The Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board administers the purchase and sale of wine and spirits and is mandated to charge a uniform 30% markup on all products. We use an estimated discrete choice model of demand for spirits, together with information on wholesale prices, to assess the implications...

For several decades now, the history of American criminal justice, and penal reform in particular, has revolved around questions of ideology. The “real” history of the birth of the prison, often told as a tale of idealism sullied by darker, unspoken intentions, remains an area of uncertainty...

Social lotteries are lotteries that are played along with someone else. The experimental literature indicates that risk attitudes depend on how one's situation in the safe alternative compares to that of a peer. Evaluation of the risky alternative also depends on whether the lottery gives equal...

Canada is in the midst of an access to justice crisis. The rising costs and complexity of legal services in Canada have surpassed the need for these services. This article briefly explores some obstacles to civil justice as well as some of the court-based programmes and initiatives in place...