We study the role of performance differences in a task requiring cognitive effort on in-group bias. We show that the in …-group bias is strong in groups consisting of high-performing members, and it is weak in low-performing groups. This holds … although high-performing subjects exhibit no in-group bias as members of minimal groups, whereas low-performing subjects …

-selection into different outcomes of the tournament and can be explained by in- or out-group bias and a self-serving bias in …

downward bias resulting from the partial observability of circumstances that affect individual outcome. We show that such … estimates may also suffer from upward bias as a consequence of sampling variance. The magnitude of the latter distortion depends … contributions, the upward bias may be significant and challenge the interpretation of inequality of opportunity estimates as lower …

regard to the role of mediator bias in a game-theoretic model of cheap talk. This study shows that the institutional design … enough, mediation is effective and the institutional design of a mediation process is the same regardless of the bias …. Otherwise, the design will be quite different depending on the direction of the bias …

We provide novel evidence of the impact of coresidence bias on a large set of indicators of intergenerational mobility … coefficient. Then, we expand our analysis to show that there are indicators with varying average levels of coresidence bias going … from less than 1% to more than 10%. However, some indicators with minimal bias produce high levels of re-ranking that make …