The Capital Asset Pricing Model allows to price risky financial assets, in seductive simple way, but under various theoretical assumptions. Since its inception, CAPM has been questioned due to some of its unrealistic theoretical assumption or due to its empirical failures. Academicians have been...

This teaching note shows the relationship between levered and unlevered betas and the general formulation for the cost of equity. It also shows, step by step, the procedure to estimate betas from data found in the stock market.It shows well known procedures for estimating betas: correlation...

This article derives a new formula for the yield elasticity of bond price. The formula provides accurate results without resorting to complex mathematics, and gives new meaning to the concept of duration in fixed-income analysis

Equity risk premiums are a central component of every risk and return model in finance and are a key input in estimating costs of equity and capital in both corporate finance and valuation. Given their importance, it is surprising how haphazard the estimation of equity risk premiums remains in...

It is well established that value stocks outperform glamour stocks, yet considerable debate exists about whether the return differential reflects compensation for risk or mispricing. Under mispricing explanations, prices of glamour (value) firms reflect systematically optimistic (pessimistic)...

We show that nonlinearly discounted nonlinear martingales are related to no arbitrage in two price economies as linearly discounted martingales were related to no arbitrage in economies satisfying the law of one price. Furthermore, assuming risk acceptability requires a positive physical...

We estimate the equity risk premium by combining information from twenty models. Our main finding is that there is broad agreement across models that the equity premium reached historical heights in July 2013 even when the models are substantially different from each other and use more than one...

Value premium varies substantially across countries. We explore whether the inter-country cross-sectional variation in value premium can be predicted by those variables known to predict the intra-country time-variation in value premium. After examining data from 23 developed markets and 13...

We consider the performance of cryptocurrencies in the light of fundamental asset pricing and portfolio theory. We observe how a traditional focus on reducing asset return volatility with Markowitz diversification actually misses the significance of such volatility for growth. The recognition...

With overlapping generations and heterogeneous risk aversion there is no unique relation between aggregate risk aversion and the real rate of interest, and this type of endogenous “noise” cannot arise in an economy where agents live forever. Our framework accommodates many agent types and...