This study examines causes of black/white gaps in business ownership and self-employmentrates by analyzing small-business entry and exit patterns. We proceed by recognizingheterogeneity in business ownership across different industry groups: a classification of firmsby human- and...

In this paper I examine changes in self-employment that have occurred since the early 1980sin the United States. It is a companion paper to a recent equivalent paper relating to the UK.Data on random samples of twenty million US workers are examined taken from the BasicMonthly files of the CPS...

This paper investigates progress in reducing the high level of racial stratification of occupations after apartheid in South Africa. Empirical analysis, using census microdata and Labour Force Surveys, does not provide strong evidence of sustained or significant desegregation. Occupations remain...

We investigate how ethnicity, gender and other characteristics affect low-paid workers’ perceptions of their employability in London’s labour market, examining self-efficacy, ethnic and dual labour market theories. We find that perceptions vary considerably, both between genders and...