"The proposed paper synthesises our experience with different economic field experiment from four countries and action research undertaken additionally in two of the countries. The experiments discussed in this paper were carried out in rural communities of Namibia, South Africa, Cambodia and...

"This paper explores the need for a broader and more inclusive approach to decisions about land and resources, one that recognizes the legitimacy of cultural values and traditional knowledge in environmental decision making and policy. Invisible losses are those not widely recognized or...

"Ecological problem solving requires a flexible social infrastructure that can incorporate scientific insights and adapt to changing conditions. As applied to watershed management, social infrastructure includes mechanisms to design, carry out, evaluate, and modify plans for resource protection...

"Over the past decade, 'Payments for Environmental Services' (PES) have received a great deal of attention as a natural-resource management approach. We propose a revised definition and framework for PES implementation that focuses on the use of positive incentives as the philosophy behind PES...

"Integrated natural resource management (INRM) and its many closely related approaches are generally considered to be more effective than single-disciplinary approaches for managing the complex resource issues currently facing many countries. INRM approaches aim to integrate several disciplines...

"Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is controversial for environmental issues, but is nevertheless employed by many governments and private organizations for making environmental decisions. Controversy centers on the practice of economic discounting in CBA for decisions that have substantial long-term...

"To halt degradation of benthic resources in Chile, managementareas (MAs) were set up under the Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries (TURFs)framework in the late 1990s. Integrated into the global market, MAs have sinceexpanded along the Chilean coast, involving thousands of small-scale...

"Many of what we consider to be valuable natural assets existed for millennia without our ever being aware of their usefulness or value. For example, the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb pollution has only become useful to us in recent decades as the limits of that environmental service have...

From p. 1: "Sustainable development and management of global and regional resources is not an ecological problem, nor an economic one, nor a social one. It is a combination of all three. And yet actions to integrate all three typically have short-changed one or more. "Sustainable designs driven...

"We survey and evaluate selected participatory tools that have been proven effective in natural resources management and research during our extensive experience with forest communities. We first establish a framework for our analysis by identifying a set of criteria for evaluating each tool....