Using detailed data on biotechnology in Japan, we find that identifiable collaborations" between particular university star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm's biotech patents by 34 percent development by 27 percent,...

The impact of university patenting and licensing onuniversity research, as well as the development of commercial agriculturalbiotech products, is examined.With the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in1980, universities were given the opportunity to patent and/or licenseinnovations that result from...

The allocation of risks and benefits of publicly sponsored biomedical research is becoming increasingly skewed toward for-profit entities and against the public interest. A legitimate solution to this imbalance would be to levy compulsory government royalty fees on commercial products made...