Equity crowdfunding, a fairly new form of financing, has promise as a means to finance legitimate start-up businesses or projects which are unable to obtain funds from traditional sources, e.g., banks, venture capitalists and angel investors. However, the cost of complying with existing...

This article examines three defences potentially available to the Inland Revenue after it has spent taxes received pursuant to ultra vires legislation – the defence of estoppel, ministerial receipt, and change of position. It concludes that the change of position defence is the most viable...

This article makes a case for treating individual data subjects as gatekeepers against misuse of personal data. Imposing gatekeeper responsibility on individuals is most useful where (a) the primary wrongdoers engage in data misuse intentionally or recklessly; (b) misuse of personal data is...

This Article seeks to improve enforcement of the duty of companies to safeguard personal data in their possession. It is notoriously difficult for data breach victims to succeed in class actions against companies that failed to take reasonable steps to safeguard their personal data. Many...

Phosphorescent Pt(II) complexes are promising emitters for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) application in the fields of display, lighting, healthcare, aerospace and so on. A novel series of biphenyl ( bp )-based tetradentate Pt(II) complexes containing fused 6/5/6 metallocycles and employing...

The Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing states - roughly speaking - that the absence of arbitrage possibilities for a stochastic process S is equivalent to the existence of an equivalent martingale measure for S. It turns out that it is quite hard to give precise and sharp versions of this...

We study dynamic monetary risk measures thatdepend on bounded discrete-time processesdescribing the evolution of financial values. The time horizoncan be finite or infinite. We call a dynamic risk measuretime-consistent if it assigns to a process of financialvalues the same risk irrespective of...