Compensation for services, regardless of the form, constitutes income to the recipient. Consequently, the exchange of services by two individuals is treated as income to each. However, there are numerous examples of an exchange of services that the IRS has never sought to tax. The most common...

This paper uses data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and the NBER TAXSIM model to estimate marginal and average tax rates for households that own businesses that are pass-thru entities. We examine how marginal and average tax rates vary by the size of business using four different...

В работе рассмотрены общие подходы к налогообложению доходов организаций, выявлена роль отдельных положений налогового законодательства, представляющихся...

In an earlier article titled as ‘Service Tax on Lawyers: A levy short lived?' [Excise and Customs Reporter Vol. 191(4), pp. 55SF-60SF] I had an occasion to point out that the levy of service tax on individual lawyers was an experiment out of the various experiments conducted by the Government...

El ICIO es un impuesto muy controvertido por diversos motivos que van desde cuál sea su verdadera naturaleza, pasando por su «descendencia» de la tasa por licencia de obras y por atentar contra el principio de igualdad, hasta la concurrencia del mismo con varios tributos. Se han escrito ríos...

El Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles (IBI) es un tributo muy controvertido por dos razones: la primera por el sistema de determinación del valor catastral, y la segunda por concurrir con múltiples figuras tributarias. En cuanto a la primera, la determinación de dicho valor aleja al IBI del...

France has a track record of persistent general government deficits, partly reflecting pro-cyclical fiscal policies in upswings. This has resulted in a quadrupling of its public debt-to-GDP ratio since the 1970s to above 80% of GDP. Reducing public debt is crucial because a high level of public...

The paper aims at highlighting a number of shortcomings in the design and enforcement of the tax system in Greece, which have played a key role in the exacerbation of fiscal deficits that led to the current sovereign debt crisis. More precisely, we argue that these shortcomings that result in...

The history of ever expanding horizon of service tax law in India has extensive sub-chapters of its own. The levy being unique and unprecedented in the country, the Finance Act, 1994 has made a number of experiments for the levy and collection of service tax from various sectors. Sometimes owing...

This paper address options for restructuring the revenue system of Bolivia's subnational governments, particularly prefectures, emphasizing reduction of dependence on natural resources and strengthening of subnational tax autonomy. The paper additionally identifies tax instruments or tax bases...