Much of the political economy analysis of reform focuses on the conflict of interest between groups that stand to gain or lose from the competing policy proposals. In reality, there is also a lot of disagreement about the working of the policy: in addition to conflicting interests, conflicting...

This paper uses two large databases to determine if students of a given gender learn more from instructors of the same gender and if instructors of a given gender receive higher ratings from students of the same gender compared to students of the opposite gender. The Indiana University (IU) data...