Rapidly innovating industries are just not behaving the way theory expected. Conventional industrial organization theory predicts that when parties in the supply chain have to make transaction-specific investments, the risk of opportunism will drive them away from contracts and toward vertical...

In this paper, we compare the scenarios of exclusive licenses and cross-licenses under the existence of partial vertical integration. To do this, a succesive duopoly model is proposed, with two owners and two firms competing in a differentiated product market. Each technology owner has a share...

Outsourcing - und damit die Integration von Wertschöpfungsketten in der industriellen Produktentstehung - ist ein in Wissenschaft und Management intensiv diskutiertes Thema. Auf dem Gebiet der Produktentwicklung komplexer technischer Güter ist allerdings die Frage bisher nicht abschließend...