We suggest that organizational identity -- 'who we are' -- may be as influential as culture -- 'how we do things' -- in affecting the integration process, especially in mergers of equals. We also suggest that the framing of a merger as one of 'equals' is itself likely to reinforce existing...

We suggest that the proximity of a country to other countries is a factor that affects its choice as a multinational enterprise (MNE) location. We introduce the concept of a country's proximity to the global distribution of knowledge, markets, and resources, and frame this concept as a function...

In this commentary we build on Shenkar's (2001) award-winning critique of cultural distance, arguing that most distance constructs, in fact, suffer the same flaws because they oversimplify the relationship between countries, overlook their subjective and context-specific nature, and pay...