Social norms can act as safeguards against corporate misconduct, but can also foster undesirable behavior. To study differences in individual resistance to social norms, we conduct a laboratory experiment on misrepresentation of earnings. There are systematic differences among individuals'...

This paper reviews methods that can be used to value illiquid investments, with a particular focus on private equity and real estate. We discuss the traditional valuation methods, in particular the net present value (NPV) rule, and show in what circumstances these can lead to suboptimal...

We develop a conceptual framework to understand the incentive structure and pricing mechanisms of Sustainability-Linked-Bonds (SLBs). The model allows us to characterize the conditions under which an SLB is incentive compatible for a firm. We further derive a novel measure which identifies the...