Drawing on hard data from the Federal Reserve and other sources, this book paints the first reliable group portrait of the angel investors. The data show that angels are fewer, contribute less, and involve themselves in fewer start-ups than the conventional wisdom suggests. Fewer in number than...

As part of an effort to gather more data on new businesses in the United States, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation sponsored the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS), a panel study of new businesses founded in 2004 and tracked over their early years of operation. The Kauffman Foundation contracted with...

At least since Arrow (1962), the effects of appropriability on invention have been well studied, but there has been little analysis of the effect of appropriability on the commercialization of existing inventions. Exploiting a database of 805 attempts by private firms to commercialize inventions...

We define academic Entrepreneurship here as the creation of new businesses based on university-developed knowledge. We review the legislative and organizational interventions enacted to foster academic entrepreneurship; the form, magnitude and performance of this activity; and the tradeoffs...