This paper provides a simple theoretical model in which a vertically-distorted industry structure is considered in an international setting. Fixed costs, existing in both the final good and intermediate good sectors, result in a bilateral externality. Production as well as equity ownership...

We develop a computable general equilibrium model of the Egyptian economy. The model is suitable for analyzing the impacts of reforms in the tax system, the trade-policy regime, or both taken together. A two-sector, general-equilibrium model is presented diagrammatically to illustrate the...

Have developing countries gained from the incorporation of IPR standards into the WTO framework? We use historical, theoretical, and empirical methods to answer this question and reach several conclusions. First, U.S. history provides a clear case of a developing country which used strong patent...

A growing proportion of international trade within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) occurs within multinational enterprises. In an effort to liberalize trade policy within the region, policies governing direct foreign investment should also be evaluated. ASEAN governments have...

This paper focuses on petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with economic activities in Hawai'i. Data on economic activity, petroleum consumption by type (gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel, residual, propane), and emissions factors are compiled and analyzed. In the baseline year...

"Deep integration"--explicit government actions to reduce the market-segmenting effect of domestic regulatory policies through coordination and cooperation--is becoming a major dimension of some regional integration agreements, led by the European Union. Health and safety regulations,...

The authors consider how service liberalization differs from goods liberalization in terms of welfare, the level and composition of output, and factor prices within a developing economy, in this case Tunisia. Despite recent movements toward liberalization, Tunisian service sectors remain largely...

In this paper, we develop a method to quantify the importance of regulation and market structure on the success of trade liberalization. For this purpose, we incorporate a single imperfectly competitive service sector that can take on various market structures into a standard computational...