Although a public long-term care (LTC) program is a potentially important factor for the labor supply of female informal caregivers, there are only a handful of individual-level studies on this topic and the macro-level impacts of LTC programs are still largely unknown. Exploiting the...

Although a public long-term care (LTC) program is a potentially important factor for the labor supply of female informal caregivers, there are only a handful of individual-level studies on this topic and the macro-level impacts of LTC programs are still largely unknown. Exploiting the...

It was in 1961 that the Japanese national pension (iKokumin nenkin/i) for self-employed people was established. This opened the door to a universal pension system that included existing mutual aid association pensions (iKyosai nenkin/i) for public service employees and employee pensions (iKosei...