Rather than individual consumer preferences, responses to referendum-style contingent valuation surveys on environmental goods may express citizen assessments that take into account benefits to others. We reconsider the consumer versus citizen hypothesis with a focus on the role of framing...

Forestry as a large industry has significant impacts on the quality of forest landscapes in boreal forests. In Finland, the rapid growth of nature-based tourism has expanded tourism and outdoor recreation activities from protected areas into commercial forests, especially in northern Finland....

As forestlands provide a variety of environmental services, the management of forest resources is a matter of public concern. In the present case of state-owned commercial forests in Finland, legislation requires specific management practices to enhance recreational benefits free of charge to...

As the price of recreational visits is unobservable and commonly represented by researcher-assigned travel cost estimates, welfare change estimates generated by the travel cost method are ordinally measurable (Randall, 1994). For a potential solution to the resulting calibration problem we use...

The paper considers the potential impacts on timber supply of forest damage due to acidic and other pollutants. In a two-period model of harvest timing and forest investment, tree mortality and site degradation are represented by changes in the standing stock and the growth function,...

The present study investigates the determination of the aggregate supply of and demand for saw logs and pulpwood in Finland using annual data from 1965 to 1985. Raw material is purchased in competitive markets from private nonindustrial forest owners. The equilibrium assumptions seem to work...