In the last two decades, Just-In-Time (JIT) production has proved to be an essential requirement of world class manufacturing. This has made schedulers most concerned about the realization of a JIT environment. The JIT concept requires not only a penalty for backorder and lateness but also for...

Hierarchical organizations, especially in government agencies, are known by their pyramidal structures and continuous training needs resulting from promotions and/or assignments. Using scientific and rational methods in the job analysis/description, recruitment/selection, assignment, performance...