This study examines how characteristics of an organization and its disciplinary system affect line management perceptions of disciplinary system effectiveness. Using responses from 418 organizations, we found a curvilinear relationship between disciplinary system restrictiveness and perceptions...

We examine factors which influence manager assessments of employee value in response to outside employment offers. Data were collected from 312 managers on counter-offer decisions. We found the size of manager counter-offers increase as a result of the attractiveness of the outside offer, the...