This article reviews research on cross-cultural organizational behavior (OB). After a brief review of the history of cross-cultural OB, we review research on work motivation, or the factors that energize, direct, and sustain effort across cultures. We next consider the relationship between the...

Leung, Bhagat, Buchan, Erez, and Gibson provide a review of several advances in research on culture and international business (IB), which is criticized by Gould and Grein as overemphasizing the national culture (NC) approach. This reply clarifies the misinterpretation of Leung et al. by Gould...