The reliability of a product is generally concerned with failures during its operating life. Accelerated (stress) burn‐in before shipment will reject poor quality products and avoid a high initial mortality rate in residual life. It is justified when the expected proportion of a product being...

This paper examines the effect of multimodal integration on the rivalry between two transport chains - a forwarder-airline alliance and an integrator - under the economies of traffic density. An improvement in multimodal integration by a forwarder-airline alliance would increase the alliance's...