This paper discusses a dimly lit and largely unknown bit of the history of applied mathematics and of engineering science. Hilda Geiringer a pioneer in both survived extermination because starting in 1933, Turkey reformed its higher education using invitees fleeing the Nazis and for whom America...

In 1933, Turkey set out on a crash process of reforming its legal and health care delivery systems as well as its system of higher education using refugees fleeing the Nazis. By way of formal government invitations these people were given a safe haven. For many America was out of reach because...

This paper presents a scheme for classifying the performance analysis of financial institutions (PAFI) literature. Performance, is viewed by: (1) The perspective of each of five major groups; owners, regulators, managers, clients, and researchers. The attribute used to appraise performance is...

Turkey and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed to a stand-by arrangement at the outset of 2000. Consequently, Turkey implemented an exchange-rate based stabilization program to combat its high inflation. However, two financial crises followed; one in November, 2000 and the other in...