In the electronic market place, the auction is known to be economically efficient, allowing players to maximize their own benefits. Through this mechanism, new spot markets are created, which connect buyers and sellers. In this new spot markets, many problem contexts give rise to competitive...

A piecewise truncated quadratic speed trajectory is proposed to mimic the unknown speed trajectory between point detectors. The basis functions of the new method consist of quadratic and constant functions of time. The constant functions, corresponding to upper and lower speed bounds, are...

The paper presents a simulation–optimization modeling framework for the evacuation of large-scale pedestrian facilities with multiple exit gates. The framework integrates a genetic algorithm (GA) and a microscopic pedestrian simulation–assignment model. The GA searches for the optimal...