In the last quarter of the 20th century, many power companies used the integrated resource planning (IRP) approach in power expansion planning. Today, very few power companies use this approach because of the split between the power generation and distribution activities. It seems that, in some...

Let Xt be a continuous local martingale satisfying X0=0 and K1q(t)[less-than-or-equals, slant]<X>t[less-than-or-equals, slant]K2q(t) a.s. for a nondecreasing function q with constants K1 and K2. Define for a Borel function and Mt*=sup0[less-than-or-equals, slant]s[less-than-or-equals, slant]t Ms....</x>

Let Xt be any additive process in . There are two lower indices and an upper index [beta]T for T[set membership, variant](0,[infinity]) such that for any Borel set , if , and dimHX(E)=[beta]TdimHE, where X(E)={Xs:s[set membership, variant]E} for and dimH denotes the Hausdorff dimension. When Xt...

The objective of this paper is to quantify the development of the rural electricity market at county level and below in China. A sectorial energy demand analysis and forecasting model was developed to analyze six Chinese provinces with different economic backgrounds. Historical data for over 20...

The objective of this paper is to identify the most cost-effective areas for Demand Side Management (DSM) in Nepal. On-site interviews were undertaken with power utilities (the Nepal Electricity Authority or NEA and its sub-companies) and various electricity end-users in Nepal to collect data,...

Solar air heaters are becoming more and more popular in space heating and industrial processes due to their cost effectiveness and easy maintenance. However, how to increase thermal efficiency of solar air heaters becomes a major challenge. In this paper, the design of a solar air heater with...

Using the highly detuned interaction between three-level Λ-type atoms and coherent optical fields, we can realize the C-NOT gates from atoms to atoms, optical fields to optical fields, atoms to optical fields and optical fields to atoms. Based on the realization of the C-NOT gates we propose an...

In this paper, we first propose a general entanglement distillation protocol for three-particle W class states, which can concentrate the W′ state (non-maximally entangled W state). The general protocol is mainly based on the unitary transformations on the auxiliary particles and the entangled...

Let [zeta]t, t[greater-or-equal, slanted]0, be a process taking nonnegative values, Tr=inf{t0;[zeta]tr}, r0, and [psi] a nondecreasing function. An interesting question is: Is it possible to bound E[psi](Tr) above and below by expectations of functions of [zeta]t? We answer this question and give...