Background: The article develops an eight-period game between N persons and a pharmaceutical company. The choices of a donor and Nature are parametric. Methods: Persons choose between safe and risky behavior, and whether or not to buy drugs. The pharmaceutical company chooses whether or not to...

The paper considers strategic defense and attack of a system which can be separated into independent identical homogeneous parallel elements. The defender distributes its resource between separation of the elements and their protection from outside attacks. The attacker distributes its effort...

The article decomposes the Shapley value into a value matrix which gives the value of every player to every other player in n-person games. Element ij(v) in the value matrix is positive, zero, or negative, dependent on whether row player i is beneficial, has no impact, or is not beneficial for...

The article proposes Erection, Adjustment, and Death mechanisms for governmental units, giving autonomy to each citizen as in a direct democracy. Rather than focusing on a narrow model with restrictive and specialized assumptions, and subsequent solutions, as has been common in the literature,...

In Hirshleifer's (1995) model for unitary actors, combined fighting/production abruptly breaks down when inter-group decisiveness of fighting is above a certain value (above one) or income requirements are not met. Accounting for the collective action problem, this article gives the opposite...