An equilibrium model of advertising, production and exchange is developed. Sellers advertise and produce. In contrast to models where one side is often kept to its reservation value, both sides of the exchange are made worse off due to distortive advertising. Buyers read advertising, screen for...

Kovenock and Roberson’s (2012ab) replication of Hausken’s (2008a) equations and parameter restrictions do not enhance our insight into the defense and attack of reliability systems. This reply intends to fill the remaining understanding gaps.

The article analyzes how a defender determines a balance between protecting an object (passive defense) and striking preventively against an attacker seeking to destroy the object (active defense). The attacker analogously determines a balance between attacking and protecting against the...

A terrorist without capacity constraints attacks two independent targets. As the target defence efficiency decreases, the target first increases its defence, and thereafter decreases and eventually does not defend because of the high cost. With terrorist capacity constraints, targets become...

A system of two components is analyzed as a two-period game. After period 1 the system can be fully operational, in two states of intermediate degradation, or fail. Analogously to changing failure rates in dependent systems analyzed with Markov analysis, unit costs of defense and attack, and...