This Internet Appendix (IA) contains three sections: The first section provides variable definitions (Section IA1), the second section outlines the development and estimation of the overbidding measure, as well as reports summary statistics and estimation results (Section IA2), and the third and...

We advance a theory asserting that CSR performance may exacerbate, not necessarily moderate, a company's negative stock-price response to negative events. In testing this theory, we hypothesize and find that CSR performance alleviates (magnifies) the immediate negative market response to...

This paper asks two questions. First, has the prevalence of expectations management to meet/beat analyst expectations changed in the aftermath of the 2001-2002 accounting scandals and the passage of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)? Second, has the mix among the three mechanisms used for...

This paper investigates the decision by top-level executives of more than 1,200 public corporations to exercise large stock option awards in the period 1992-2001. We hypothesize and find that abnormally large option exercises predict stock return future performance. We then hypothesize that this...

The paper studies the manner by which earnings expectations are met, measures the rewards to meeting or beating earnings expectations (MBE) formed just prior to the release of quarterly earnings, and tests alternative explanations for this reward. The evidence supports the claims that the MBE...

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate empirically the ability of two cross-sectional models, the Cross-Sectional Jones Model and the Cross-Sectional Modified Jones Model, to detect earnings management vis-a-vis their time-series counterparts. The motivation follows because these two...

In this paper, we assess the degree to which ERCs reported in the literature may be attenuated due to measurement errors in the proxies for the earnings expected by the market. We use the cross-sectional dispersion of analyst forecasts as a variable to calibrate the measurement error inherent in...

This paper finds that firms that meet or beat current analysts' earnings expectations (MBE) enjoy a higher return over the quarter than firms with similar quarterly earnings forecast errors that fail to meet these expectations. Further, such a premium to MBE, although somewhat smaller, exists in...

The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the ability of the Cross-Sectional Jones Model and the Cross-Sectional Modified Jones Model to detect earnings management vis-a-vis their time-series counterparts by examining the association between discretionary accruals and audit qualifications....