This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of managerial choice of discretionary accounting methods and the use of the reporting process in income smoothing. After analyzing concepts of smoothing behavior, including managerial motivations to engage in smoothing, security market reactions to...

Prior research has shown that pro-forma (recurring operating) earnings reported by managers and analysts are more value relevant than GAAP net income. Since GAAP net income contains many non-operating items that reduce its value relevance compared to operating earnings, comparing the value...

This study examines the relation between earnings management activities of firms issuing equity and the level of their subsequent equity issuance in the immediate future. We hypothesize that equity issuers with less need for subsequent equity issuances are more likely to engage in...

We investigate the extent to which income measurement by major early 20th century U.S. railroads shows evidence of reduced income smoothing and increased conservatism following new fixed asset accounting rules issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in 1907 and 1908 and concurrent...

AbstractThe Effect of Investor Relations on Income Objectives andMeeting ExpectationsBy: Marcus KirkOver a quarter of publicly listed firms employ National InvestorRelationsInstitute (NIRI) members. Yet we know little about the impact ofinvestor relations (IR)for these firms. I examine the role...