The sinister turn in international law can be defined as the paradox created by successful decolonization efforts when 1) the colonization and decolonization are/were characterized by race, such as in the case of former apartheid states, 2) decolonization reverses the political and legal...

For a decade and a half, Cooper and Massell's (1965) conclusion that a policy of unilateral tariff reduction (UTR) is superior to the formation of a customs union (CU) remained unchallenged. However Wonnacott and Wonnacott (1981) using a more realistic model, claimed to show that UTR need not...