We examine how differences in the institutions that regulate candidate nomination procedures--specifically direct primary election laws--affect the types of candidates elected in non-Presidential American elections. We hypothesize that in more closed primary systems, control over candidate...

Despite the centrality of the median voter prediction in political economy models, overwhelming empirical evidence shows that legislators regularly take positions that diverge significantly from the preferences of the median voter in their districts. However, all these empirical studies to date...

To counter the power of pro-development interests, growth opponents in American communities have increasingly turned to the institutions of direct democracy. This study analyses the effects of one type of direct democracy-voter requirements for new development-on municipal growth. Analysing data...