Financial market volatility is an important input for investment, option pricing and financial market regulation. In this review article, we compare the volatility forecasting findings in 93 papers published and written in the last two decades. This article is written for general readers in...

The gamma class of distributions encompasses several important distributions either as special or limiting cases, or through simple transformations. In this paper, we established the link between the real and the risk neutral distributions, and provided a formal proof for the existence of the...

A comparison is presented of 93 studies that conducted tests of volatility-forecasting methods on a wide range of financial asset returns. The survey found that option-implied volatility provides more accurate forecasts than time-series models. Among the time-series models, no model is a clear...

In early 1997, the Malaysian stock market index began a downward spiral together with stock markets of several ASEAN countries. On 14 July 1997, Bank Negara of Malaysia gave up the defence of the Malaysian ringgit after jacking up the short rate to 50% and spending US$10 billions on unsuccessful...

Using the top 1000 US firms from 2002 to 2015 as a tradable stock universe, we replicate and backtest five market-traded gender-diverse portfolios. We find evidence that gender-diverse firms have smaller volatility. Moreover, the gender-risk relationship is non-linear, with optimal female board...

This paper explores the extent to which term structure of individual CDS spreads can be explained by the firm's rating. Using the Nelson-Siegel model, we construct, for each day, CDS curves from a cross-section of CDS spreads for each rating class. We find that individual CDS deviations from the...

This paper proposes two new Credit Default Swap (CDS) endogenous systematic factors constructed from peer-CDS information. The factors capture slow-moving credit risk information, as well as fast-moving newly arrived market information embedded in the most recent CDS quotes. Using a sample of...

In this paper, we examine how the development of an AI (Artificial Intelligence) system can benefit the process of shareholder activism via making AGM (Annual General Meeting) voting decision. Using historical voting records for the years 2016 and 2017 from Castlefield Investment Partners, we...

Credit default swaps (CDSs) and deep out-of-the-money put (DOOMP) options can both be used as a credit protection instrument. However, partial market segmentation results in deviations between firm hazard rates implied by these contracts. These deviations are driven by a systematic...

We study the effect of an asset's volatility on the expected returns of European options written on the asset. A simple stochastic discount factor model suggests that the effect differs depending on whether variations in volatility are due to variations in systematic or idiosyncratic volatility....