This study examines the financial and statistical properties of the variance and semi variance (SV). Since the mean-variance approach and its extended mean-semi variance approach assume normality of returns, it has been observed that practical and computational problems emerged in the cases of...

This paper examines the association between firms' debt financing structure and operating performance. The paper focuses on debt as the firms' loans from banks, which is the general trend of debt financing in Egypt. Firms' operating performance is measured by three operating measures. The...

This paper examines the firm growth-size and growth-learning theories using sales revenue ratios and cost ratios. The results show that: 1) the DJIA firms' focus on the short-term leads to reduced growth rates; 2) low-growth firms are characterised by increasing costs and increasing debt...

This paper examines three possible explanations for firm growth: 1) a firm grows according to the growth of sales revenue; 2) a firm grows according to cost savings; 3) a firm grows according to the two factors simultaneously. The paper introduces a new measure for firm growth based on...

The uncertainty that surrounds oil and gas exploration environments call for an examination at different angles. In terms of robustness, the purpose of this paper is to focus on three performance measurements: the amount of exploration investments, the growth rate of exploration investments, and...

The literature on the relation between dividends and stock risks include mixed results. The related studies have reached either insignificant, or positive, or negative results. The authors offer a mathematical structure that addresses potential mutual benefits of dividends signaling under...

This paper offers a new mathematical formulation that addresses the relationship between expected price-to-book ratio, dividend per share, dividend payout ratio, systematic and unsystematic risks. The sample includes the non-financial firms in the DJIA covering the period 1997-2006. The general...