Strategy research on real options has emphasized the need to understand better the sources of the option value of the firm. We begin to address this issue by assessing the relative importance of firm versus industry influences on the value of firms' growth options. On the one hand, firms have...

In this study, we investigate how foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinationality affect firms' risk levels. Our investigation builds on the idea from real options theory that international operations offer multinational corporations (MNCs) switching options, yet we also emphasize different...

This paper categorizes and critiques the empirical research strategies that have been employed to test real options theory. Existing research has sought to detect valuable options in firms’ strategic investments as well as to investigate the payoffs from these investments. Our review...