Shared services arrangements have been viewed as a strategy for achieving efficiencies and improved service in back-office functions such as finance and accounting, human resource, and procurement. Organisations have been increasingly turning to vendors to implement and manage outsourced shared...

Demands for enhanced levels of efficiency and effectiveness have caused many to question traditional bureaucratic forms in public sector organizations. Team-based structures have been cited as an attractive alternative, perceived as facilitating the necessary levels of flexibility, innovation...

An important class of models for macroscopic dynamic network loading (DNL) and dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) is based on treating link travel times as a function of link occupancy. However, these models suffer from some problems or deficiencies namely (a) the link outflows can violate...