"Unfunded pay-as-you-go state pension schemes are financially unsustainable in Europe as elsewhere. Proponents of reform argue that, by switching to a fully funded scheme that takes advantage of the high return on assets such as equities, the solvency of the state scheme could be restored at...

This paper analyzes the variation in expected monthly stock returns for a large cross-section of U.K. companies. Using company attributes as a sorting key, the authors we form portfolios and study their returns relative to the return on the market index. They find that book to market value, and...

Central Bankers are currently facing big challenges in designing and implementing monetary policy, as well as with safeguarding financial stability, with the world economy still in the process of digesting the legacy of the crisis. The crisis has changed central banking in many ways: by shifting...