Biographical note: GollierChristian: Christian Gollier is professor of economics at the University of Toulouse and director of the Toulouse School of Economics. He is the author of "The Economics of Risk and Time" and the coauthor of "Economic and Financial Decisions under Risk" (Princeton).

Data on 2,355 married women from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey are used to study how female employment affects fertility in China. China has deep concerns with both population size and female employment, so the relationship between the two should be better understood. Causality...