This paper develops a model of IPOs in which book building and a grey market (i.e. a when-issued market) take place simultaneously. While book building contains information about the fundamental value of the issue and is kept confidential, the grey market reflects the opinion of retail investors...

What role do sentiment investors play in the pricing of newly listed stocks? We derive conditions under which we can distinguish between sentiment and rational pricing behavior and test for the rationality of small investors demand for new stock issues using data from pre-issue (or grey )...

We examine whether irrational behavior among small (retail) investors drives post-IPO prices. We use prices from the grey market (the when-issued market that precedes European IPOs) to proxy for small investors' valuations. High grey market prices (indicating excessive optimism) are a very good...

We examine whether irrational behavior among small (retail) investors drives post-IPO prices. We use prices from the grey market (the when-issued market that precedes European IPOs) to proxy for small investors' valuations. High grey market prices (indicating overoptimism) are a very good...