This study provides an empirical assessment of theories of rape that suggest that conditions of poverty and inequality account for differences in rates of rape among communities in the United States. To compensate for problems of statistical unreliability, 1980 data for 88 Standard Metropolitan...

Using a theory-based multilevel framework, we examined the potential relationships of two organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dimensions with individual- and group-level measures. The individual-level measures used were employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment; the...

The selection literature has long debated the theoretical and practical significance of dynamic criteria. Recent research has begun to explore the nature of individual performance over time. This study contributes to this body of research through a hierarchical linear modeling analysis of...

The authors examined the effect of procedural justice climate, defined as a distinct group-level cognition about how the work group as a whole is treated, on work group performance in a sample of 34 work groups from two organizations. They hypothesized that the relationship between procedural...

Using a cross-level framework, the authors hypothesized that work group cohesiveness and perceived task competence would be associated with individual group members' performance and organizational commitment. Specifically, the authors tested whether perceived task competence was positively...

Testing for the presence of drug continues to gain popularity as a method for controlling drug use in the workplace. It is important that employers understand how potential applicants and current employees will react to the various types and purposes of drug testing. Employees (n = 529) were...

Conceptually, a central aspect of "strategic HRM" is the integration of the HR function with strategic decision making. Little is known, however, about the factors that influence integration or its subsequent effects. Using data from 148 diverse organizations, it was found that strategic type...

Shirking, social loafing, and free riding are concepts that have guided the recent study of how much effort employees provide on the job. Although researchers have generally treated these concepts as distinct, a common thread underlies them, that is, propensity to withhold effort (PWE). The main...

The organizational literature includes a number of studies examining the relationship between satisfaction and commitment. In all, the discrepant findings characteristic of this research seem to be a function of both the range of independent variables used by researchers to model the...