Progress in understanding the liability of foreignness requires accurate measurement of this concept. This paper investigates whether exits of foreign affiliates from a given host market provide a reliable measure. We tackle this question by investigating 32 exits of Japanese manufacturing...

In this paper we test whether national cross cultural differences between joint venture (JV) parents affect JV longevity by comparing that of two categories of JVs placed in the same environment, those between two or more Japanese parents on one hand, and those between Japanese and American...